Ιnguinal hernia (βουβωνοκήλη).
inguinal hernia is a bulge that takes place in your groin region, the location in between the lower part of your abdomen and your thigh. Inguinal hernias occur due to a weakening of the muscles in the reduced abdominal area.
Three layers secure the intestinal tracts inside the reduced abdomen. The first is a thin membrane called the abdominal muscle. The second is composed of the stomach muscles, and also the third is your skin.
An inguinal hernia forms when your intestines and also the peritoneum push through the muscle mass as well as appear as a bulge under your skin. Inguinal ruptures are dangerous due to the fact that they have a tendency to maintain obtaining larger as well as your intestine can obtain trapped inside the bulge as well as shed its blood supply. This is called a strangulated inguinal hernia, as well as surgical procedure may be needed to deal with the trouble.
Realities regarding inguinal rupture.
Inguinal ruptures may occur on one or both sides of the body and are much more usual in men than females. An inguinal rupture can appear at any type of age. Babies may be born with one that doesn’t show up until they end up being grownups. Concerning five out of every 100 youngsters are born with the problem.
An inguinal rupture can additionally establish with time if you increase stress on the walls of your stomach muscles through activities like straining to visit the bathroom, coughing over an extended period, being obese, or raising heavy weights. If you have a family history of inguinal rupture, you might go to a higher threat for one. Babies born before their due date are additionally at greater danger.
Sorts of inguinal rupture.
Inguinal hernias can be found in 2 types:.
Indirect inguinal rupture. This is one of the most common type, as well as a sort of rupture that you may be born with. Although it can occur in males and females, it is much more usual in guys. This is since the male testicle starts inside the abdomen and also has to go down through an opening in the groin location to reach the scrotum (the sac that holds the testicles). If this opening does not close at birth, a rupture creates. In females, this type of hernia can take place if reproductive organs or the small intestine slides right into the groin area due to a weakness in the stomach muscles.
Straight inguinal rupture. This type of rupture is caused by weakening of your abdominal muscles gradually and is most likely to be seen in grownups. Straight inguinal ruptures take place only in men.
Symptoms.
The primary signs and symptom is a visible lump in your groin area. In men, an inguinal hernia may expand down right into the scrotum as well as create a bigger scrotum. Tiny hernias might relapse and also forth with the opening in the abdominal area and also not trigger any signs and symptoms. Larger hernias may be rubbed back right into the abdominal area. Symptoms of hernias that go back and forth consist of:.
A bulge that increases in dimension when you stress and goes away when you relax.
Abrupt discomfort in your groin or scrotum when exercising or stressing.
A sensation of weak point, stress, burning, or hurting in your groin or scrotum.
An inguinal hernia that can not be returned into the abdominal area is called a put behind bars hernia. This is a hazardous situation since the part of your intestinal tract inside the hernia can come to be strangulated, which is a clinical emergency. Signs of a strangulated inguinal rupture consist of:.
Severe pain as well as soreness.
Discomfort that maintains worsening.
High temperature.
Quick heart price.
Nausea as well as vomiting.
Diagnosis.
Inguinal hernia is usually detected with a case history and health examination. Your doctor will ask you concerns about rupture signs. Throughout the examination, he or she will certainly seek and also feel for a bulge in your groin or scrotal area. You might be asked to stand and cough to make the rupture show up. Inguinal hernias in youngsters may just be seen or felt when the youngster weeps.
Inguinal Ruptures in Kid.
Treatment.
The way to fix an inguinal hernia is usually with a surgery. In grownups with small ruptures that do not create symptoms, treatment might only be to see it. Grownups with signs and symptoms and most kids generally have surgical procedure to prevent the feasible problem of a strangulated hernia in the future. A jailed or strangulated rupture may need emergency situation surgical procedure.
There are 2 main types of surgery for inguinal hernia:.
Open repair. An incision is made with the skin in the groin area. The surgeon moves the rupture back inside the abdomen and also shuts the stomach wall with stitches. Often, if the opening is big, the surgeon may make use of an artificial (manufactured) mesh to enhance the closure.
Laparoscopy. This sort of surgical procedure uses a few little lacerations and also a thin range with a tiny electronic camera. The cosmetic surgeon resolves the range to repair the hernia. Artificial mesh might additionally be used in laparoscopic rupture surgical procedure. Healing time after laparoscopy might be much shorter than for open repair service.
Avoidance.
There is absolutely nothing you can do to stop an indirect inguinal rupture, the type you are born with. Straight hernias that occur in time might be protected against with these preventative measures:.
Find out how to lift hefty things properly.
Stay clear of and also, when needed, treat constipation to stop stressing when having a bowel movement.
Get therapy for any type of relentless cough.
If you are a guy with an enlarged prostate as well as you strain to pass pee, obtain dealt with.
If you are obese, shed the additional pounds.
Managing inguinal rupture.
If you have had surgery for inguinal hernia, it is important to adhere to all your physician’s instructions as well as keep your follow-up consultations. Getting out of bed and walking is a fundamental part of recovery and also helps protect against problems. You can aid to keep an inguinal hernia from coming back after surgery by preventing hefty training as well as various other exhausting task. Ask your physician what sorts of activities are risk-free and also when you can return to work.
If you have a tiny hernia that is being enjoyed or a fixed hernia, take actions to avoid becoming constipated. Consume great deals of fiber, beverage a lot of liquids, workout, and go to the bathroom when you feel need.
Call your doctor if your inguinal rupture symptoms get worse, as well as always call as soon as possible if:.
You have a painful lump that can’t be pushed back inside.
You have raising discomfort, swelling, or redness.
You have nausea, high temperature, or vomiting along with hernia pain.
stomach rupture κήλη στην κοιλιά
Abdominal Wall Surface Hernias.
A rupture takes place when an organ extends via the wall surface of muscle that encircles it. There are several various kinds of hernias that can take place in the abdominal and also surrounding locations. These include umbilical hernias, epigastric hernias, incisional ruptures, and others. For more information on these details sorts of hernias, consisting of signs and symptoms and treatment approaches, see listed below.
Types of Abdominal Wall Surface Hernias.
Epigastric Rupture.
An epigastric hernia occurs when a damaged area in the abdominal wall allows a little bit of fat to press with. Epigastric ruptures are commonly small. They occur in the middle of the tummy, in the area in between the stubborn belly switch and also the breastbone.
Some people develop more than one epigastric rupture each time. These hernias commonly don’t cause signs and symptoms, yet you may experience pain in your top tummy.
Treatment of epigastric ruptures normally entails surgical treatment, but your medical professional will discuss all your options with you in detail.
Incisional Rupture.
A hernia that takes place in the area of a previous surgery is called an incisional hernia. These hernias might take place when the abdominal wall surface has actually been compromised by surgical procedure, or when a medical laceration comes to be contaminated, more weakening the area.
Incisional hernias are reasonably common due to the fact that surgical incisions compromise the abdominal area. That weakness makes it much easier for a part of the intestine or various other tissue to stick out.
Incisional hernias can establish not long after surgery, or they can establish slowly, over months or perhaps years. They normally happen along with upright cuts. Incisional ruptures often tend to be large and instead uncomfortable.
Incisional ruptures will certainly not heal by themselves. Speak to your doctor for more information regarding your treatment options.
Spigelian Hernia.
Spigelian ruptures take place throughout the spigelian fascia. Unlike other kinds of hernias, which establish right away listed below layers of fat, spigelian hernias occur in the midst of abdominal muscles. This indicates that spigelian hernias might not be promptly noticeable as a lump or lump. They can go undiscovered for longer periods of time.
Due to the fact that spigelian hernias have a tendency to be little, the danger of establishing a strangulated rupture is higher.
Spigelian hernias have a tendency to take place more rarely than various other kinds of ruptures.
Umbilical Rupture.
An umbilical rupture happens when a weak point in the belly allows a bit of fat, fluid, or intestinal tract to press through, creating a swelling or bulge near the tummy switch.
Umbilical hernias regularly take place in infants. In many cases, these ruptures will certainly recover by themselves. Occasionally, however, surgical procedure may be needed.
Umbilical ruptures additionally take place in adults, especially those with wellness issues that cause boosted pressure in the tummy. Those problems might consist of obesity, pregnancy, chronic coughing or constipation, as well as problem peing.
Because they often tend to expand larger in time, umbilical hernias need treatment. Treatment commonly includes surgery, but your physician will certainly go over all your choices with you in detail. Without therapy, you are at danger of creating a strangulated rupture, which means that blood supply to the tissue has been removed. Strangulation is life threatening and also requires emergency situation surgical procedure.
Symptoms.
Stomach wall hernias are generally noticeable: they will look like a swelling or lump beneath the skin. These ruptures do not usually create any other signs and symptoms except for light discomfort or discomfort, normally when you are stressing (for example, lifting something heavy).
If the rupture ends up being strangulated, nevertheless, you might experience a lot more severe signs, such as severe discomfort, nausea or vomiting, vomiting, and/or soreness in the location of the hernia. Call your doctor right away if you start to experience these symptoms. A strangulated hernia is life-threatening.
Causes.
Stomach wall surface ruptures can take place in people of any type of age, consisting of babies. Nonetheless, the risk of developing a hernia has a tendency to increase as you age. Many abdominal wall surface ruptures are triggered by a location of weak point in the abdominal walls. A number of different factors can contribute to the growth of that weak point. These elements include:.
Aging.
Persistent coughing.
Collagen vascular condition.
Regular hefty training.
Genetic defects.
History of previous hernias.
Infection (specifically adhering to surgical treatment).
Injuries to the stomach area.
Weight problems.
Maternity.
Stressing during bowel movements or peeing.
Surgical openings.
Medical diagnosis.
Most of the times, your physician will be able to determine whether you are in reality struggling with a hernia simply by looking and also by delicately palpating the damaged location.
If for one reason or another a medical diagnosis isn’t promptly noticeable, your doctor may decide to purchase an imaging test, such as an abdominal ultrasound, CT check, or MRI. These imaging examinations can help to show the hole in the muscle wall, along with the tissue protruding from it.
Treatment.
Stomach wall surface ruptures that have actually no associated signs and symptoms may not need any kind of therapy in any way. Your medical professional will review your alternatives with you which may consist of surgical procedure or watchful waiting.
Larger ruptures, however, or ruptures that are triggering discomfort, may require surgical repair work to ease discomfort along with to prevent issues.
There are 2 sorts of medical rupture repair: open and minimally invasive surgical procedure. The sort of surgical procedure chosen will certainly depend upon the intensity as well as type of hernia you’ve established, the expected healing time, your previous medical as well as surgical background, as well as your specialist’s proficiency.
Open up Surgery: Throughout this treatment, your doctor will make a tiny laceration into your groin, and after that push the protruding cells back right into your abdominal area. Your specialist will certainly then finish the damaged area. In some cases, your specialist will certainly use a mesh to strengthen that damaged area.
Open up surgery can be performed either with general anesthetic or with sedation or neighborhood anesthesia.
After your surgical procedure, it might be numerous weeks before you’re able to completely resume your typical activities. Nonetheless, it’s still essential that you begin stiring once again immediately for a healthier recovery.
Minimally Intrusive Surgery: Minimally intrusive surgical procedure is generally done under basic anesthesia.
During this treatment, your doctor will certainly make a couple of little lacerations in your abdominal area. Your doctor will certainly then inflate your abdominal areas, making use of an unique gas, in order to make your internal organs simpler to see.
Your surgeon will certainly after that place a small, narrow tube right into among the lacerations in your abdominal area. This tube has a tiny cam, or laparoscope, at the end of it. That camera functions as a kind of overview for your specialist, that is then able to put medical instruments through the other cuts in your abdominal area. Your doctor will certainly repair the rupture using and also might utilize mesh.
People who are prospects for minimally intrusive surgery might experience less scarring as well as discomfort following surgical procedure than those who go through open surgery. Individuals may likewise be able to return more quickly to their normal activities.
Your medical professionals will consult with you thoroughly regarding every one of your treatment options as well as will certainly suggest a course of action best suited to your specific needs.
An umbilical hernia (ομφαλοκηλη ).
An umbilical rupture is an unusual bulge that can be seen or really felt at the umbilicus (stomach switch). This rupture develops when a part of the cellular lining of the abdominal area, part of the intestine, as well as/ or fluid from the abdomen, comes through the muscular tissue of the abdominal wall.
Umbilical hernias prevail, taking place in 10 percent to 20 percent of all youngsters. They are, nevertheless, more usual in African-Americans.
Reduced birth weight and premature infants are additionally most likely to have an umbilical rupture. Boys and also girls are equally influenced.
Reasons For Umbilical Rupture.
As the unborn child develops while pregnant, there is a little opening in the abdominal muscles that allows the umbilical cable to pass through, linking mother to baby.
As the infant expands after birth, this opening in the stomach muscles shuts. Often, nonetheless, these muscular tissues do not meet and also grow together completely, and also a tiny opening remains. This opening is called an umbilical hernia.
Signs and Symptoms of Umbilical Hernia.
Umbilical ruptures look like a bulge or swelling in the stomach button area. The swelling might come to be much more recognizable when the child weeps, and also might become smaller or vanish when the child is quiet. If a medical professional carefully pushes on the lump when a kid is resting and tranquil, it will typically get smaller or go back into the abdomen.
Sometimes the intestinal tracts obtain entraped within the umbilical hernia. This is described as an incarcerated hernia. When this takes place, the kid usually has serious pain and the bulge may be firm and also red. Urgent clinical analysis to exclude an incarcerated rupture is called for in order to stop possible damages to the intestines. It is uncommon for this to occur.
Medical Diagnosis of Umbilical Rupture.
Health examination by a physician can detect an umbilical rupture as well as can also establish if there are any abdominal materials captured in the rupture sac.
Therapy for Umbilical Hernia.
Several umbilical hernias close automatically by ages 3 to 4. If closure does not occur by this time, surgical repair is typically suggested. In younger kids, if there is an episode of imprisonment or if the hernia is very large, surgical repair work might be suggested.
Surgery to fix the hernia is done under general anesthetic.
A little laceration is made at the base of the stubborn belly switch. If any intestinal tract is present in the hernia, it is positioned back into the stomach cavity. The opening in the muscle is after that repaired with multiple layers of stitches to stop another hernia. A clothing and also/ or laceration glue is placed to keep the tummy switch flat.
While early babies and also youngsters with specific medical conditions might need overnight observation in the hospital, the majority of children have the ability to return residence within a couple of hours after surgery.
Long-Term Expectation.
Once the rupture is shut, it is not likely that it will reoccur. Nevertheless, the threat of recurrence is increased in people that have actually wound infections adhering to surgery.